Syllabus for
Bachelor of Arts-Bachelor of Law (Honours)
Academic Year  (2023)

This course aims at introducing the philosophical ideas underlying constitution and other branches of law. Knowledge of these ideas will enable the students to understand the legal principles in a better way.

Unit 1 will deal with the contributions of Greek thinkers and the evolution of concepts like democracy and justice. 

Unit 2 will deal will the impact of Medieval thinkers and their contributions to political thought.

Unit 3 will deal with the renaissance and modern political thinkers social contract theories that attempt to explain the origin of the state. 

Unit 4 will deal with the prominent thinkers of liberal and conservative thought.

Unit 5 will deal with the writings of Hegel, Karl Marx and the revisionist thinkers.

Unit 6 Will deal with contemporary political thought in India. 

Sophists

Socrates – Paradoxes; Idea of Athenian Democracy; Political Philosophy. 

Plato- The idea of the Republic; Private property; justice; censorship; freedom and autonomy; theory of forms

Aristotle – Views on human nature; constitutions; ethics; theory of justice; natural law; four causes.

Cicero – The rhetorical foundations of society, Statesmanship, Republican rule,

St. Augustine- Free Will and Just War,

Thomas Aquinas: Commentaries on Aristotle, political order and Just war

Introduction to Renaissance, Machiavelli’s contributions in The Prince, idea of politics, Realism.

Thomas Hobbes – Contractarianism, Agency and Authorization, The non-resistance Compact between subjects

John Locke – The idea of Social Contract, equality and natural law, property, limited government, toleration and rule of law

Jean Rousseau – The state of nature, natural law and natural rights, the general will, the problem of freedom.

J.S. Mill: Liberty, freedom of speech, women’s rights and economic democracy

Jeremy Bentham: Utilitarianism

G.W. F. Hegel: Hegel’s dialectic, atheism and liberal democracy

Karl Marx – The Hegelian influence, alienation, critique of the Modern State, ideology, forces and relations of production, influence of Marx today.

Manu

Kautilya

Mahatma Gandhi and

B. R. Ambedkar

•Miller, David. Political Philosophy: A Short Introduction. London: Oxford University Press, 2003.

•Roberts, Peri and Peter Sutch. An Introduction to Political Thought. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012.

•Russell, Bertrand. History of Western Philosophy. 

•Pantham, Thomas, and Deutsch, Kenneth (eds.) Political Thought in Modern India, Safe Publications, New Delhi, 1986

•Berlin, Isaiah, and Isaiah Four essays on liberty Berlin. Liberty: Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

•Machiavelli, Niccolo, and M. Lerner. The Prince and the Discourses. New York: Modern Library, 1950.

•Mill, John Stuart. Considerations on Representative Government. Peoples edition. ed. [S.l.]: Longmans, 1894.

•Mill, John Stuart, and Colin Heydt. Utilitarianism. New ed. / edited by Colin Heydt. ed. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview; London: Eurospan [distributor], 2011.

•Nozick, Robert. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford: Blackwell, 1974. Print.

•Rawls, John. Political Liberalism. Expanded ed. New York; Chichester: Columbia University Press, 2005.

•Rawls, John.. A Theory of Justice. Rev. ed. ed. Cambridge, Mass. ; London: Belknap, 1999. 

•Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, and G. D. H. Cole. On the Social Contract. Dover Thrift ed. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover ; [Newton Abbot : David & Charles, distributor], 2003.

•Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations. [London]: Everyman's Library, 1991. Print.

•Smith, Adam, and Ryan Patrick Hanley. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. 250th anniversary ed. New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, 2009.

•Weber, Max, and Stephen Kalberg. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                          – 25%

·         CIA III –                                                                     – 10%

·         Attendance                                                                  – 05%

·         End Semester Examination                                        – 50%

                                                                                    TOTAL 100%

The course on "Democracy and Ethics" is to introduce and discuss the moral foundations of democracy in principle, and democratic institutions, in particular. The students are initiated to various types of moral discourses in political philosophy. Further, this course looks at the development of democracy, in the global as well as the national realm.  Democracy as an ideal gets fructified in the form of a government, which in turn is based on the principles of justice, freedom, equality and fraternity. Ethics acts as the premise on which a successful democracy rests. 

1.Democracy: Conceptual development of Democracy, Principles of Democracy: Freedom, Equality and Fraternity

2. Ethics: Concept of Values, Morals and Ethics

3.Democracy vis-a-vis Ethics: Government by Consent; Constitutional Government and Rule of Law; Democracy and Human Rights

1.Western Thought: Duty Ethic, Utilitarianism

2.Indian Thought: Hindu Tradition: Dharma and Karma, Purusharthas; Buddhist Tradition: Four Noble Truths and Eight-fold Path; Indian syncretic traditions-Ashoka, Kabir and Akbar

1.Historical Account: History of Indian democracy, Debates around democracy and Freedom Struggle

2.Institutionalization of Democracy: The Indian Constitution: Preamble and other constitutional values, Citizenship, Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens

3.Philosophical Thought: Gandhian Philosophy: Swaraj and Ramrajya, Principles of Ahimsa and Satyagraha, Sarvodaya: Well-being of All, Anthyodaya: Gandhian Talisman in Governance; Heterodox thinkers: Ambedkar, Phule, Lohia, Periyar, Narayana Guru

1.Institutional Aspects: Free and fair elections; Ethical Code of Conduct for Politicians, Character record of members of the legislature; Ethical use of majority in parliament, Avoidance of ‘floor crossing’ and defection; Alliance of political parties to form brittle governments; Independence of judiciary and media; Safeguarding national history and avoid distortion, Political neutrality in educational institutions; Judicious allocation of central funds to states; Freedom of Press

2.Citizen Centric aspects: Free speech and Expression; Right to dissent; Preventive detention and Sedition

2. Christiano, Thomas, ed., Philosophy and Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

3. Cortella, Lucio, The Ethics of Democracy: A Contemporary Reading of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, Giacomo Donis (tr.), New York: SUNY Press, 2015.

4. Dewey, John, “Philosophy and Democracy” [1919] and “The Ethics of Democracy” [1888] in The Political Writings, ed. D. Morris, I. Shapiro, Indianapolis: Hackett, 1993.

5. Finnis, John. Fundamentals of Ethics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.

6. Gandhi, M. K. An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Mudranalaya, 1927.

7. Granville, Austin, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

8. Jain, Subhash, The Constitution of India: Select Issues and Perceptions. New Delhi: Taxmann, 2000.

Locke, John, Second Treatise on Civil Government, (1690), ed. C. B. MacPherson, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1980.

10. Kant, Immanuel. Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. trans. Lewis White Beck, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merril, 1959.

11. Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Practical Reason, trans. Lewis White Beck, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merril, 1956.

12. Machiavelli, The Prince [1513], ed. Q. Skinner, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988.

13. Plato, The Republic, revised/trans. by Desmond Lee, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1974.

14. Rawls, John, Political Liberalism, New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.

15. Sandel, Michael (ed.), Justice—A Reader, Oxford University Press, 2007.

16. Singer, Peter, Democracy and Disobedience, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973.

17. Walzer, Michael, “Philosophy and Democracy”, Political Theory, Vol.9, No.3, 1981, 379-399.

Ambedkar, BR. Annihilation of Caste. (1936)

Angiras. Aditya. ‘Caricature of Ethics in the Poetry of Kabir’ in Linguistics and Literature Studies 7(2): 64-70, 2019 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/lls.2019.070204.

Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar. Nationalist Movement in India: A Reader. 2009 New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 

Bilimoria, Purushottama. Indian Ethics: Classical Traditions and Contemporary Challenges. 2007. Ashgate England. 

Blackledge, Paul. Marxism and Ethics: Freedom, Desire and Revolution. 2012. SUNY Press.

Dewey, John, “Philosophy and Democracy” (1919) in The Political Writings, (1993) ed. D. Morris, I. Shapiro, Indianapolis: Hackett.

Finnis, John. (1983) ‘Introduction’ in Fundamentals of Ethics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 1-23.

Gavaskar, Mahesh. ‘Phule’s Gulamgiri: Turning Puranic memory on its head’.  The Indian Economic and Social History Review. Volume 60, Issue 2, 2023. 

Guru, Gopal. ‘Ethics in Ambedkar's Critique of Gandhi’ in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 52, No. 15 (April 15, 2017). pp. 95-100. 

Harry J. Gensler, Earl W. Spurgin, and James C. Swindal. Ethics: Contemporary Readings. Ed. 2004. NY: Routledge. 

Jayal, Niraja Gopal and Pratap Bhanu Mehta (eds). The Oxford Companion to Politics in India. New Delhi: OUP. 2010. 

Keown, Damien. Buddhist Ethics: A Very Short Introduction. 2005. OUP.

Khan, Iqtidar Alam. ‘The Nobility under Akbar and the Development of His Religious Policy, 1560-80’. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Apr. 1968, No. 1/2, pp. 29-36.

Kumar, Arun; Bapuji Hari; Raza, Mir. ‘Educate, Agitate, Organize”: Inequality and Ethics in the Writings of Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar’ in Journal of Business Ethics: Vol. 178, Issue. 1, (Jun 2022): 1-14.

Kumar, Ramesh. ‘Lohia’s Chaukhamba Raj & Good Governance: Relevance In Present-Day India’.

Kumar, Vivek. Caste and Democracy in India: A Perspective from Below. 2014. Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.

Laine, James, W. ‘Alexander and Ashoka: Cosmopolitan Empires and Religious Policy from Egypt to India, 330–230 B.C.’ In Meta-Religion: Religion and Power in World History, 2014, pp. 15-30.

Laine, James, W. ‘The Debate over Dharma: Hindus and Buddhists Compete for Ideological Dominance in South Asia’ In Meta-Religion: Religion and Power in World History, 2014, pp. 59-78

Lechner, Silviya.  “Kantian Ethics”. Kantian Review; Cambridge Vol. 16, Iss. 1, (Mar 2011): 141-150.

M V Nadkarni. Ethics for Our Times: Essays in Gandhian Perspective. OUP. 2014. 

M. S. S. Pandian. ‘Nation Impossible’. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 44, No. 10 (Mar. 7 - 13, 2009), pp. 65-69.

Manager Pandey, Alka Tyagi. ‘Bhakti Poetry: Its Relevance and Significance’. Indian Literature, Vol. 45, No. 6 (206) (November-December, 2001), pp. 129-138

Manoharan, Karthick Ram. ‘Freedom from God: Periyar and Religion’. Religions. Vol. 11, Iss. 1, (2020)

MK Gandhi. Hind Swaraj. (1909).

Muzaffar, Ali. ’Indian Philosophy and Ethics: Dialogical Method as a Fresh Possibility’. Sophia 57 (3):443-455 (2018)

R.P. Singh, Kabir: ‘The Articulator Par Excellence of Indigenous Indian Modernity’. Social Scientist, Vol. 47, No. 5/6 (May–June 2019), pp. 71-78.

Ranganathan, Shyam. (ed) ‘Ethics and Politics’ in The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Ethics. 2016. 

Schweiker, William. The Blackwell Companion to Religious Ethics. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. 2005.

Srinivasan, J. (2008) ‘Democracy’, in Bhargava, R. and Acharya, A. (eds.) Political Theory: An Introduction. New Delhi: Pearson Longman, pp. 106-128.

V. Geetha. ‘Periyar, Women and an Ethic of Citizenship’ in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 17 (Apr. 25 - May 1, 1998), pp. WS9-WS15. 

West, Henry R. (2004) Introduction to Mill's Utilitarian Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Yadav, Yogendra. What Is Living and What Is Dead in Rammanohar Lohia? Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 45, No. 40 (OCTOBER 2-8, 2010), pp. 92-107.

The course is designed for beginners with no formal background or little acquaintance with economics. The objective is to give the students a clear understanding of the basic concepts, tools of analysis, and terminologies used in economics, to facilitate their understanding of various legal phenomena. Emphasis will be on using graphs, diagrams, and numerical tables/schedules for exposition. The teacher must draw examples from the surrounding world to clarify the concepts.

A.Fundamental principles of economics used in the legal analysis: choices, opportunity costs, rationality, and law, marginality, efficiency, and productivity, a trade-off.

B.Pareto and Hicks-Kaldor efficiency

Definitions of economics

Positive and normative analysis, microeconomics, and macroeconomics

C.Economic models and their purposes. 

D.The Production Possibilities Curve, the equity-efficiency debate

E.Interdependence and gains from trade: international trade theories like absolute and comparative advantage. 

1. Markets: Definition
2. Demand: Law of demand, demand schedule, demand curve, individual demand, market demand, factors affecting demand.
3. Supply: Law of supply, supply schedule, supply curve, individual supply, market supply, factors affecting supply
4. Equilibrium: Putting demand and supply together
5. Elasticities of Demand and Supply
6. Government policies- Price controls: - Rent controls, Minimum wage, Evaluating Price Controls.

1. Production: definition, short-run and long-run production functions, law of variable proportions, laws of returns to scale
2. Costs: Economic and Accounting costs, Opportunity costs, Fixed and Sunk costs, Total and variable costs, average and marginal costs, Short-run and Long-run cost functions,
3. Revenue analysis: total revenue, marginal revenue, average revenue in different market settings

1. Firms in a competitive market: price and output determination.
2. Monopoly: price and output determination.
3. Monopolistic competition: price and output determination.
4. Discriminating monopoly: price and output determination
5. Oligopoly: Sweezy’s kinked-demand model
6. Duopoly: Cournot and Bertrand models

1. Welfare economics: Meaning and its implications to law
2. Social welfare functions
3. Role of value judgments in welfare economics
4. Economic efficiency and the success of competitive markets
5. Consumers' and producer’s surplus
6. Social efficiency and market equilibrium
7. Market Failure and policy inferences from welfare analysis

1. National Income: basic concepts, real GDP, nominal GDP, per capita GDP.
2. Aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and the reasons for economic fluctuations
3. Monetary policy and fiscal policy – pros and cons
4. Monetary policy influence on aggregate demand: the theory of liquidity preference
5. Fiscal policy influence on aggregate demand: the multiplier effect and crowding-out effect
6. Debates over macroeconomic policies

 CIA II – Mid Semester Examination – 25%

 CIA III – Research-based valuation – 10%

 Attendance – 05%

 End Semester Examination – 50%

Course Description:

The course will focus on strengthening the  grammatical skills of students, which in turn will help them in speaking and writing clearly and effectively, using the English Language. Articles from newspapers and magazines on contemporary issues, will be used as samples for language practice, within the class room. Students will also engage in reading sessions, so as to get acquainted with different styles of writing, comprehend complicated pieces, critique issues and think independently. The course will also use language as a medium to sensitize students and generate discussions about various socio-political issues, through regular discussions. 

Course objectives:

Tofacilitate the students in enhancing their reading, writing, comprehension and oral communication skills.  The course will also help the students in having a sound grasp over the language and to clearly and effectively communicate using the written language. The oral skills of students too get honed, as they get trained in making power point presentations in a professional way.  Reading exercises and discussions will  facilitate in developing their analytical and critical thinking  skills.

Parts of speech, tenses, subject-verb agreement, articles.

Different types of sentences and their grammatic formats, organizing ideas into grammatically correct sentences, punctuation.

Working on Comprehension passages to develop the reading, comprehending and writing skills of students – factual and inferential passages.

Antonyms, synonyms, appropriate use in sentences and paragraphs.

Rearranging sentences into proper paragraphs, error analysis, expansion of an outline, précis writing, writing short paragraphs on specific topics.

Characteristics of effective presentations, the voice in presentation, body language, modes of presentation, use of visual aids, their benefits, types of visual aids, how to prepare visual aids, dos and don’ts, coordination between speech and visual aids during presentation, listening skills, role of audience.

Different types of descriptive writing, letters, different types of letters.

1.   

1. English Grammar Composition and Usage- J.C Nesfield.  Macmillan India.

2. Objective  English – Edgar Thorpe, Showick Thorpe. Pearson Education.

3. Grammar Builder- Amin. A, Eravelly.R, Ibrahim.F.J. CUP

4. Advanced English Grammar- Hewings, Martin.CUP

5. Essential English Grammar- Murphy, Raymond. CUP

6. Effective Presentation skills – Steve Mandel

7. Powerful  Presentation skills – Debra Smith

8. Powerful  Presentation Skills – Dennis Becker.

9. Communication Skills – Leena Sen

10. English Vocabulary in Use – McCarthy & O’Dell.

11. Explorations –A course in reading, thinking and communication skills – Oranee Jansz

2. Objective  English – Edgar Thorpe, Showick Thorpe. Pearson Education.

3. Grammar Builder- Amin. A, Eravelly.R, Ibrahim.F.J. CUP

4. Advanced English Grammar- Hewings, Martin.CUP

5. Essential English Grammar- Murphy, Raymond. CUP

6. Effective Presentation skills – Steve Mandel

7. Powerful  Presentation skills – Debra Smith

8. Powerful  Presentation Skills – Dennis Becker.

9. Communication Skills – Leena Sen

10. English Vocabulary in Use – McCarthy & O’Dell.

11. Explorations –A course in reading, thinking and communication skills – Oranee Jansz

Accurate application of the rules of grammar – 10mks

(Parts of Speech-2mks, Tenses-3mks, Articles -2, Subject-verb agreement -3mks

Clarity in the concepts of grammar -5mks

Clear and effective written communication -5mks

CIA 2 – Mid Sem Exams for 50mks

Grammar -25mks

Accurate application of the rules of grammar – 15mks

Clarity in the concepts of grammar -5mks

Clear and effective written communication -5mks

Comprehension Passage – 25mks

Reading and accurate comprehension of ideas -10mks

Analytical, critical thinking and originality of thought -5mks

Rules of Grammar -5mks

Clear and effective written communication – 5mks

CIA 3 -20mks

A.   Power Point Presentations:

Depth of research in content -8mks

Effective use of slides and audio-visual aids -4mks

Audience interaction, ability to clarify doubts, efficient handling of the session – 3mks

Timing – 2mks

Clear and effective oral communication – 3mks

B.  Online Courses:

Written/Oral assignment submissions, based on depth of content, regularity of submissions -10mks

Effective use of language, peer evaluation -5mks

Certificates/grades – 5mks

50-60  - 1mk

61-70  -  2mks

71 - 80 – 3mks

81-90  - 4mks

>90     - 5mks

D.  Essay:

Depth of Content, conceptual clarity -10mks

Adherence to rules of academic writing – 5mks

Creative contribution (ideas, thoughts) – 5mks

D.  Research Paper:

Depth of research, content clarity – 10mks

Originality of thought/analysis – 5mks

Citations and References -3 mks

Adherence to format/clear and effective articulation -2mks

E.   Book Review:

Summary – 2mks

Analysis – 4mks

Critical Appreciation – 7mks

Originality – 4mks

Citatations/References – 3mks

A lawyer is most often faced with the primary task of problem solving and advising on the course of action most suited to the interests of the client. The problem may be complex in nature and may involve different branches of law. It will require sieving the material facts from the immaterial ones. Learning where and how to find the law is as important as the substantive study of various laws. The understanding of facts is critical to the process of identifying favourable precedents and distinguishing the case at hand from other authoritative rulings, which are not in direct support of one’s proposition. The strength of a legal argument lies in the thoroughness of the research, which must also be clearly presented, in writing and orally.

The objective of the Course is to orient the student to the scheme of law and the essential tools, principles and methods by which the legal system operates to deliver justice. The course will entail the study of sources of law, doctrine of precedents, legal reasoning, case briefing and analogizing and interpretation of statutes and the working of the judicial process. The course will also address basic question such as where and how a start researching on a problem, how to find authorities in support of one’s proposition, how to read a case and prepare a case brief, and how to read a statute

Meaning and definition; Functions of law; Classification of laws: Public and Private Law, Substantive and Procedural Law, Municipal and International Law; Sources of Law: Statute as a Source, Precedent as Source, Customs, International Law as a source of Municipal Law, Justice Equity and Good Conscience, Juristic Writings

On completion of this Unit students will be able to tell the different sources of law and their relationship inter se.

Components of a Judgement: Cause Title, Facts, Issues, Prayer and Arguments, Ratio Decidendi, Obiter Dicta; Important Concepts in relation to Case Laws: Different Kinds of opinions (dissenting and concurring opinion), Tests to determine the Ratio, Bench Strength and Implications, Overruling of judgments, Parts of a Statute

Classification of Legal materials – Case law, Case Briefing; Statutes, Reports, Journals, Manuals, Digests etc.; Use of Law Library; New Dimensions in Legal Research- Use of Online Databases and e-resources; Importance of legal research in legal reasoning

Constitution as the Basic Law; Judicial system in India; Hierarchy of Courts in India; Jurisdiction of Adjudicatory Institutions (Territorial, Pecuniary, Subject Matter); Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods

Reading and analysis of various landmark judgements in Constitutional Law, Criminal; Law and the Law of Torts; Contextualizing law through movies and literary texts

1. A.V. Dicey, An introduction to the Study of the Law of Constitution, Universal Law Publishing Co., 10th ed. 4th Indian Reprint, 2003
2. B S Hansai, A Critical Study of ADR System: Special Focus on Lok Adalat in India
3. Benjamin Cardozo, Nature of Judicial Process, Universal Law Publishing Co., 9th Indian Reprint 2011
4. Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence; , Universal Law Publishing Co., 7th Indian Reprint, 2011
5. C K Takwani, Lectures on Administrative Law, 4th Edition, 2008, Eastern Book Company.
6. David Ingram, Law-Key Concepts in Philosophy, Continuum International Publishing Group, 1st edn. 2006
7. Friedmann, Law in a Changing Society, Universal Law Publishing Co. 4th Indian Reprint 2008
8. H. Patrick Glenn, Legal Tradition of the World, Oxford University Press, 1st edn., 2000

                                                               TOTAL        100%

Course description: This course has been conceptualised to

1. Introduce students to the law of torts and to the principles of tortuous liability and distinguishes torts from crimes and breaches of contract.
2. Make the students know and understand various defences available to the defendant in a suit for torts.
3. Introduce the students to the concept of locus standi and of disability and immunity.
4. Acquaint the students with the circumstances under which one person may be liable for the wrongs done by another and with the concepts of employer and employee relationship and the concept of individual agency, as well as with the doctrine of sovereign immunity.

     5. Calculate the liability for violation of consumer rights.

Principles of justice equity and good conscience – un-codified character-advantages and disadvantages; a wrongful act – violation of duty imposed by law, duty which is owed to people generally (in rem) – damnum sine injuria and injuria sine damno; Tort distinguished from crime and breach of contract; Changing scope of law of torts: Principles of Liability – Fault; Wrongful intent; Negligence; Liability without fault; Place of motive in torts.

Justification – Volenti non fit injuria; Necessity, private and public; Plaintiffs default; Act of God; Inevitable accident; Private defense; Statutory authority; Judicial and quasi-judicial acts; Parental and quasi-parental authority. Who may sue – aggrieved individual – class action – social action group; Statutes granting standing to certain persons or groups, Who can be sued and who cannot be sued, Extinguishment of Liability in Certain Situation – Actio personalis moritur cum persona – exceptions; Waiver and acquiescence; Release; Accord and satisfaction; Limitation.

Basis, scope and justification; Express authorization; Ratification; Abetment; Special Relationships: Master and servant – arising out of and in the course of employment – who is master? – the control test – who is servant? – borrowed servant – independent contractor and servant, distinguished; Principal and agent; Corporation and principal officer. Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity, the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher, Liability for harm caused by inherently dangerous industries. Development of Law beyond Strict Liability Absolute Liability M. C. Mehta vs. UoI. Basic concepts and theories of negligence, Standards of care, duty to take care, carelessness, inadvertence, Doctrine of contributory negligence, Res ipsa loquitor and its importance in contemporary law; Liability due to negligence: different professionals; Liability of common carriers for negligence; Product liability due to negligence: liability of manufacturers and business houses for their products, Nervous shock, Consumer protection principles and regulatory framework, disputes redressal

Assault, battery, False imprisonment; Defamation – libel, slander including law relating to privileges E-defamation; Marital relations, parental relations, master and servant relations; Malicious prosecution; Trespass to Land, Trespass ab initio, Dispossession; Nuisance: Definition, Essentials and Types; Acts Which Constitute Nuisance – Obstructions of Highways, Pollution of Air, Water, Noise, and Interference with Light and Air. Movable Property – Trespass to Goods, Detinue, Conversion; Torts Against Business Interests – Injurious Falsehood, Misstatements, Passing off.

Legal remedies, Award of damages – simple, special, punitive. Unliquidated Damages –Remoteness of damage-foreseeability and directness, Shortened Expectation of Life, Injunction, Specific restitution of property; Extra-legal remedies- self-help, re-entry on land, re-caption of goods, distress damage feasant and abatement of nuisance.

Development of consumer law and policy, Caveat emptor to caveat venditor, UN Guidelines on consumer protection, Consumer Protection Laws in India, Consumer Protection Act, 2019 – Objectives, Meaning of consumer, Deficiency in goods and services, Unfair trade practices, product liability, rights of consumer, Mediation Cell, Central Consumer Protection Authority, Consumer Councils, E-Commerce Transactions, Grounds of filing a complaint, Class action, Jurisdiction, violation of rights of consumers, product liability, Limitation and Procedure for filing and hearing of a complaint, District Commission, State commission, National commission, Composition of Commissions, reference to mediation cell, Consumer Law Board, Appeals, Offences and penalties.

CIA II - Mid Semester Examination - 25%

CIA III – 20 marks - 10%  

Attendance - 05%

End semester examination – 100 marks - 50%

 This course aims at introducing the philosophical ideas underlying constitution and other branches of law. Knowledge of these ideas will enable the students to understand the legal principles in a better way.

Unit 1 will deal with the contributions of Greek thinkers and the evolution of concepts like democracy and justice.

Unit 2 will deal will the impact of Medieval thinkers and their contributions to political thought.

Unit 3 will deal with the renaissance and modern political thinkers social contract theories that attempt to explain the origin of the state.

Unit 4 will deal with the prominent thinkers of liberal and conservative thought.

Unit 5 will deal with the writings of Hegel, Karl Marx and the revisionist thinkers.

Unit 6 will deal with contemporary political thought in India. 

Socrates – Paradoxes, Idea of Athenian Democracy, Political Philosophy. 

Plato- The idea of the Republic, Private property, justice, censorship, freedom and autonomy.

Aristotle – Views on human nature, constitutions, ethics, theory of justice, natural law.

Cicero – The rhetorical foundations of society, Statesmanship, Republican rule,

St. Augustine- Free Will and Just War,

Thomas Aquinas: Commentaries on Aristotle, political order and Just war

Introduction to Renaissance, Machiavelli’s contributions in The Prince, idea of politics, Realism.

Thomas Hobbes – Contractarianism, Agency and Authorization, The non-resistance Compact between subjects

John Locke – The idea of Social Contract, equality and natural law, property, limited government, toleration and rule of law

Jean Jaqueus Rousseau – The state of nature, natural law and natural rights, the general will, the problem of freedom.

J.S. Mill: Liberty, freedom of speech, women’s rights and economic democracy

Jeremy Bentham: Utilitarianism

G.W. F. Hegel: Hegel’s dialectic, atheism and liberal democracy

Karl Marx – The Hegelian influence, alienation, critique of the Modern State, ideology, forces and relations of production, influence of Marx today.

 Hindu political thought, Aurobindo, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar

Chakrabarty, Bidyut and Rajendra Kumar Pandey. Modern Indian Political Thought: Text and Context. New Delhi: Sage, 2009

 Miller, David. Political Philosophy: A Short Introduction. London: Oxford University Press, 2003.

 Roberts, Peri and Peter Sutch. An Introduction to Political Thought. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012.

 Russell, Bertrand. History of Western Philosophy.

 Pantham, Thomas, and Deutsch, Kenneth (eds.) Political Thought in Modern India, Safe Publications, New Delhi, 1986

2.      Berlin, Isaiah, and Isaiah Four essays on liberty Berlin. Liberty: Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

3.      Machiavelli, Niccolo, and M. Lerner. The Prince and the Discourses. New York: Modern Library, 1950.

4.      Mill, John Stuart. Considerations on Representative Government. Peoples edition. ed. [S.l.]: Longmans, 1894.

5.      Mill, John Stuart, and Colin Heydt. Utilitarianism. New ed. / edited by Colin Heydt. ed. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview; London: Eurospan [distributor], 2011.

6.      Nozick, Robert. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford: Blackwell, 1974. Print.

7.      Pantham, Thomas, and Deutsch, Kenneth (eds.) Political Thought in Modern India, Safe Publications, New Delhi, 1986

8.      Rawls, John. Political Liberalism. Expanded ed. New York; Chichester: Columbia University Press, 2005.

9.      Rawls, John..A Theory of Justice. Rev. ed. ed. Cambridge, Mass. ; London: Belknap, 1999.

10.  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, and G. D. H. Cole. On the Social Contract. Dover Thrift ed. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover ; [Newton Abbot : David & Charles, distributor], 2003.

11.  Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations. [London]: Everyman's Library, 1991. Print.

12.  Smith, Adam, and Ryan Patrick Hanley. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. 250th anniversary ed. New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, 2009.

Weber, Max, and Stephen Kalberg. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

CIA-II: 25%

CIA-III: 10%

ENd SEM EXAMINATION: 50%

This course has been conceptualized in order to help the students understand various societal trajectories & complexities from a political vantage point. It traces the field of Politics from one party system to multi-party system and beyond. It also looks into the fine workings of Political institutions and how different societal nuances political processes aid and abet the existing political institutions.

Legislature vis a vis Judiciary Debate  

Legislature vis-à-vis Executive      

From Umbrella Party to Multi Party Coalitions

• Seccessionism
• Accommodation

Policies pertaining to Affirmative Action, Gender & Tribal Communities

Developmental State Model

• Liberalization, Privatization & Globalization
• Welfare Policies & Governance 

A. Nandy. (1999) ‘A Critique of Modernist Secularism’ in Sudipta Kaviraj (ed.), Politics in
40India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp.329-341.

N. Chandhoke, (2010) ‘Secularism’, in P. Mehta and N. Jayal (eds.) The Oxford Companion to
Politics in India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 333-346

A.   Assumptions of Mainstream economics and issues

B.    Market Failure: What is market failure? Sources of market failure

C.   Institutions: What are Institutions? Types of Institutions.

D.   Institutions as an Endogenous factor

E.    The Role of institutions in economic growth and development

A.   Monopoly: Why does monopoly arise?

B.    Welfare costs of Monopoly

C.   Market power and determinants

D.   Measurement of market power- market share, Lerner Index, HHI

E.    Natural monopoly

F.    Public regulation of natural monopoly

G.   Public policies towards monopoly

A.   Economics of Information: Asymmetric Information

B.    Adverse Selection: the problem of lemon in different markets, lemon laws.

C.   Moral Hazard: Principal-Agent Problem, Efficiency wage theory

D.   Prisoners’ dilemma: dominant strategy and Nash equilibrium

E.    Market Signaling

F.    Transaction Costs and The Theory of Firm by Coase

G.   Elements of Transaction Costs

A.   Public goods and Common resources

B.    Common Resources: Hardin’s Tragedy of Commons

C.   Externalities: Positive and Negative

D.   Public policies towards externalities: Regulation, fees, standards, taxation, etc. 

E.    Private solution towards externalities: Coase theorem

F.    Concept of Property: Defining property rights

G.   Problems of ill-defined property rights

A.   Meaning, History, and Evolution of BE

B.    Decision-Making under risk and uncertainty

C.   Behavioral Models of Decision Making: prospect theory, mental accounting, Dual System Theory

D.   Nudge Theory

E. Bounded rationality and Irrational Decision Making   

CIA 1 – 10% (Class Test, Assignments, Presentation)

CIA II – 25% (Mid semester exam)

CIA III – 10% (Research work)

Attendance – 5%

End Semester Examination – 50%

The ability to communicate clearly and effectively is an essential component of any lawyer’s skill set, both inside and outside the courtroom. The objective of this course is to introduce students to the nuances of legal language and writing, and its use and application through the study of judicial opinions, common legal maxims and legal terminology. It also seeks to familiarize students with the principles governing legal drafting, and equip them with the ability to draft simple legal documents. And with academic legal writing assuming increasing significance in this day and age, both for students and practitioners, emphasis has also been placed on developing and honing students’ research and writing skills through the study of the works of eminent jurists, as also practical writing exercises.

Introduction to Language in Law, Evolution and History of Legal Language and legal writing, The problem with legalese

Parts of a statute, Aid to Interpretation of statutes, Rules of Interpretation of statutes, Finding parts of a decision-Ratio decidendi, Obiter Dicta, Finding out ratio, Article 141 of the Indian Constitution, Discussing contemporary case laws,Law reports of Commission and Committees

A study of 25 Latin maxims of particular importance, with a view to familiarizing students with principles of law enshrined therein.

1.      Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea (The act itself does not constitute guilt unless done with guilty intent).

2.      Actio personalis moritur cum persona (A personal right of action dies with the person).

3.      Audi Alteram Partem (Non man shall be condemned unheard).

4.      Communis error facit jus (Common error sometimes poses current as law).

5.      Delegatus non potest delegare (Delegate cannot further delegate).

6.      Ex nudo pacto non oritur actio (No causee of action arises from a bare promise).

7.      Ex turpi causa non oritur actio (An action does not arise from a base cause).

8.      In pari delicto potio rest condition defendentis (Where the parties are equally at guilt, the defendant is better placed).

9.      Falsus in uno falsus in omnibus (False in one particular in false in general).

10.  Generalia specialibus non derogant (General things do not derogate from special things).

11.  Ignorantia facti excusat, ignorant juris non excusat (Ignorance of fact excuses, ignorance of law does not excuse).

12.  In jure non remote causa, sed proxima spectatur (In law, the immediate, not the remote cause, of any event is regarded).

13.  Omina praesumuntur contra spoliatorem (All things are presumed against a wrong doer).

14.  Qui facit per alium facit per se (He who does an act though another is deemed in Law to do it himself).

15.  Respondeat superior (Let the principal be held responsible).

16.  Res ipsa loquitur (The thing itself speaks).

17.  Sic uteretu utalienum non laedas (Enjoy your property in such a manner as not to injure that of another person).

18.  Ubi jus ibi remedium (Every right has a remedy).

19.  Volenti non fit injuria (Damage suffered by consent is not a cause of action).

20.  Cessante ratione cessat lex ipsa (If the reason of law ceases, the law itself will cease).

21.  Salus populi est suprema lex (Regard for the public welfare is the highest law).

22.  Novus actus intervenius (A new act intervening).

23.  Rex non-potest peccare (The king can do no wrong).

24.  Vigilantibus non dormientibus, jura subeniunt (The laws give help to those who are vigilant and not to those who sleep over their rights).

25.  Ut res magis valeat quam pereat (It is better for a thing to have effect than to be made void).

Meaning and use of legal words and phrases in legal writing. 

 Introduction to Legal Drafting, Notices, Pleadings, Contracts and Other Deeds

Sources of Legal Material, Literature review, Writing an Abstract, Formulating Research Question, Methodology,Formal Writing  Style, Plagiarism, Citation Methods, Examination Strategies, Written communication including emails and  formal letters

1. B. M. Gandhi, Legal Language, Legal Writing and General English, Eastern Book Company, 2010.
2. Blacks' Law Dictionary, Universal Publishing Ltd., 2000.
3.   Broom’s Legal Maxims, Universal Publishing Ltd., 2011
4. Broom’s Legal Maxims. 11^thed. New Delhi: Universal Publishing Ltd., 2011.
5. C.R. Datta & M.N. Das, DeSouza’s Conveyancing, Eastern Law House, 13^th ed., 2004
6. Dr. A. Prasad, Outlines of Legal Language in India, Central Law Publications, 6^th ed., 2011
7. Dr. S.C. Tripathi, Legal language, Legal Writing and General English, Central Law Publications, 6^th ed.,
8. E. Volokh, Academic Legal Writing, Foundation Press, 4^th ed., 2010.
9. A.K. Sengupta, Maumdar’sLaw Relating to Notices. Kolkata: Eastern Law House Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
10. Mogha G. C. Mogha’s Law of Pleadindgs in India with Precedents. 17^th ed. Lucknow: Eastern Book Company, 2006 (2009).
11. P. Ramanatha Aiyar’s The Law Lexicon, Dr. Shakil Ahmad Khan, LexisNexis, 3rd ed., 2012
12. Prof. K. Mony & K. Usha, Legal Drafting, Cochin: Usha Publications, 13^th ed., 2010.
13. Prof. K.L. Bhatia, Textbook on Legal Language and Legal Writing, Universal Law Publishing Co., 2010.
14. S.P. Aggarwal, Drafting and Conveyancing (Student Series), LexisNexis, 5^th ed., 2013.
15. Shrivastava J. M. Mogha’s Indian Conveyancer. 14^th ed. Lucknow: Eastern Book Company, 2009.
16. Trayner’s Legal Maxims. New Delhi: Universal Publishing Ltd., 2010.

CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                                 – 25%

CIA III – Research Topic                                                     – 10%

Attendance                                                                            – 05%

End Semester Examination                                                – 50%

            TOTAL                                                                                  100%

This course is designed to acquaint the students with the conceptual and operational parameters of these various general principles of contractual relations. Specific enforcement of contract is an important aspect of the law of contract. Analysis of the kinds of contracts that can be specifically enforced and the methods of enforcement forms a significant segment of this study.

To apply the basic principles in contractual relations, there need to be a clear understanding of the basic sources of law of contract. As the major source of contract law being the principles of English common law, we need to discuss the evolution of law of contract and the similarities and dissimilarities with the English law of contract. To attain this objective Unit 1 of the syllabus deals with the historical perspective of law of contract, an introduction to the basic essentials of contract, standard form contract. Unit 2 deals with consideration as an essential requirement of contract. It also analyses the consequence of unlawful consideration and the exceptional instances where consideration is not required. Unit 3 deals with the capacity of parties to enter into a valid and enforceable contract. This mainly discusses about the parties such as minors, persons of unsound mind, persons disqualified by law, who are disqualified to enter into contracts. Unit 4 on the requirement of free consent in a contract discusses the vitiating factors of free consent viz. coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation and mistake. Emphasis is given on the voidable nature of such agreements. Units 5 and 6 deal with legality of objects, consideration and void agreements respectively. Unit 7 discusses the different ways by which a contract can be discharged and the remedies which are available to the parties aggrieved by breach of contract are included in Unit 8. A practical overview of Specific Relief Act which gives a judicial remedy to enforce performance of contract is included in Unit 9.

History and nature of contractual obligations; Law of Contract or Law of Contracts; Definitions; Proposal and acceptance - forms, essential elements, communication and revocation; Proposal and Invitations for proposal; Floating Offers; Tenders; Standard form contract: principles of protection against the possibility of exploitation, judicial approach to such contracts, exemption clauses; clash between two standard forms of contracts; Law Commission of India 199^th Report 2006

Meaning, Kinds, Essential Elements; Doctrine of nudum pactum; Privity of contract and of consideration; Its exceptions; Adequacy of consideration; Present, past and adequate consideration; Unlawful consideration and its effects; Views of Law Commission of India on consideration; Evaluation of the doctrine of consideration

Incapacity arising out of status and mental defect; Minor's agreements; Definition of ‘minor’; Restitution in cases of minor's agreements; Agreements beneficial and detrimental to a minor; Agreements made on behalf of a minor; Fraud by a minor; Doctrine of Estoppel to minor's agreements; Evaluation of the law relating to minor's agreements; Other illustrations of incapacity to contract

Definition of Consent and Free Consent; Factors vitiating free consent: Coercion – Definition, Essential elements, duress and coercion; Doctrine of Economic Duress, effect of coercion; Undue Influence – Definition, essential elements, presumptions relating to Undue Influence – independent advice, pardahanashin women, unconscionable bargains, effect of undue influence; Misrepresentation – Definition, misrepresentation of law and fact, their effects; Fraud – Definition, essential elements, suggestio falsi and suppresio veri, Silence as fraud, Active concealment of truth, importance of intention; Mistake – Definition, kinds, fundamental error, mistake of law and of fact, their effects, unilateral mistake

Void agreements, Object of contract and unlawful object, Unlawful consideration, Forbidden by law; Defeating the provision of any law; Fraudulent; Injurious to person or property; Immoral; Against public policy; Distinction between void, voidable, illegal and unlawful agreements and their effects

Agreements without consideration; Agreements in restraint of marriage; Agreements in restraint of trade, its exceptions, sale of goodwill, Partnership Act section 11 restrictions, trade combinations, exclusive dealing agreements, restraints on employees under agreements of service; Agreements in restraint of legal proceedings, its exceptions; Uncertain agreements; Wagering agreement and exception

By performance- conditions of valid tender of performance, How? By whom? Where? When? In what manner? Performance of reciprocal promises; Time as essence of contract; By breach, anticipatory breach and present breach; Impossibility of performance, theories of frustration, effect of frustration, frustration and restitution; By period of limitation; By agreement, rescission and alteration, their effect, remission and waiver of performance, extension of time, accord and satisfaction

Relations resembling contracts- supplies to person incompetent to contract, benefit received under voidable or void agreement, Damages- remoteness of damages, ascertainment of damages; Restitution; Injunction- when granted and when refused; Specific performance

Specific performance of contract; Contract that can be specifically enforced; Contract that cannot be specifically enforced; Persons against whom specific enforcement can be ordered; Rescission and cancellation; Injunction: Temporary and Perpetual; Declaratory orders; Discretion of court

2.        Reynell, Sir William, et al. Anson's Law of Contract. 30^th ed. Oxford University Press, 2016.

3.        Stephen A. Smith, Atiya’s Introduction to the Law of Contract, 6^thedn., New Delhi Oxford University Press, 2006.

4.        Singh Avtar, Textbook on Law of Contract & Specific Relief, 7^th Ed., Eastern Book Co., Lucknow, 2019.

5. Srivastava's Commentaries on Contract Act, 12^thed, Allahabad Law Publishers, 2014.

2.        Nilima Bhadbhade, Contract Law in India, Kluwer Law International, Great Britain, 2010.

3.        Jaibhave, Law Relating to Agreements, 2nd Edn., Kamal Publishers, New Delhi, 2011.

4.        G C V Subbarao, Law of Contracts I & II, 10thedn., S. Gosia &Co., Hyderabad, 2010.

5.        Simon Salzedo, Brunner et al, Brief case on Contract Law, London Cavendish 1995.

6.        Stone, Richard, The Modern Law of Contract, New York Routledge 2011.

7.        Laurence Kofman, The Law of Contract, 7thedn., Oxford University Press, New York, 2009.

8.        Richard Austen-Baker and Qi Zhou, Contract in Context, 4thEdition, Routledge, 2015.

9.        D S Chopra, Cases and Materials on Contract Law & Specific Relief,1st Edition, Thomson Reuters,2012.

10.    Sr. John Smith, Smith and Thomas, A Casebook on Contract Law, London Thomson Sweet & Maxwell 2000.

11.    Farnsworth, et al., Cases and Materials on Contracts (8th ed. 2013).

12.    V. Keshava Rao, Contracts I Cases and Materials, Lexis Nexis Butterworths, New Delhi, 2004.

13.    M. Krishnan Nair, The Law of Contracts, 5thedn., Orient Longman, 2004.

14. Trietel, The Law of Contract, 11thedn., Thomson Sweet and Maxwell, London, 2003.

·         CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                                 – 25%

·         CIA III – Research Topic                                                     – 10%

·         Attendance                                                                            – 05%

·         End Semester Examination                                                – 50%

                                                                                   TOTAL 100%

This course has been conceptualized in order to help the students engage with the emerging field of Public Policy. Its helps the student understand the various intersectionality that come to play when a policy is being made. It does so by first disentangling the idea of development and demystifying it, followed by introducing the different typologies that exist in the field of Public Policy. Then the subject takes a deep dive into the field by introducing the policy cycle, and thereafter, introducing the various development related policies that exist. Thereby linking the last Unit with the first and bringing it full circle.

1.Growth vis-à-vis development

2.Poverty and Inequality

3.Theories and Models of Development

4.Changing profile of development administration

1.Idea of Public and Policy

2.Typologies of Policies

a.Distributive Policy

b.Redistributive Policy

c.Regulatory Policy

d.Constituent Policy

e.Conflict Policy

f.Bargaining Policy

1.Stages of policy

2.Policy analysis

3.Public Problems and Policy alternatives

1.Public Policy and Institutions

2.Public Policy and Politics

3.Institutions: Government and Non-Government

4.Role of Civil Society

5.Good Governance

1.Economic and Financial Policy

2.Healthcare Policy

3.Welfare and Social Security Policy

4.Education Policy

5.Environment and Energy Policy

2. Xun Wu, M.Ramesh, Michael Howlett and Scott Fritzen, The Public Policy Primer: Managing The Policy Process, Rutledge, 2010

3.Mary Jo Hatch and Ann .L. Cunliffe Organisation Theory: Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives, Oxford University Press,200

4.Prabir Kumar De, Public Policy and Systems, Pearson Education, 2012 R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar, Public Policy Making In India, Pearson,2009

2.Surendra Munshi and Biju Paul Abraham [Eds.] Good Governance, Democratic Societies And Globalisation, Sage Publishers, 2004

CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                 – 25% 

CIA III – Research Topic                     – 10% 

Attendance                      – 05% 

End Semester Examination                              – 50% 

TOTAL 100%

This course has been conceptualized to introduce thestudentstothebasicideasof international relations.Itemphasizesonthe politicsbehindinternationaldiplomacy andhighlightsthegaping conflicts.

To introduce the students to:

The nature, scope and importance of international relations / Politics.

The Basic concepts of international Relations of national power, foreign policy and approaches to international peace.

Major issues in international relations.

1.      The State system and its corollaries, National Power Instruments for the Promotion of national Interest:

2.      Theoretical Approaches to International Relations: Realism, Liberalism, Neo-realism and Neo-liberalism, Marxist theories.

1.      Diplomacy, Propaganda as instrument of National Policy, EconomicInstruments,ImperialismandColonialism,Warasaninstrumentof state policy

2.      The balance of Power, Collective Security, From the cold war tothewaronterror.

3.    Evolution of International Organization: TheUnited Nations.

1.      TerrorismandGlobalization,

2.      Nationalism,CultureinWorldAffairs

3.      NuclearProliferation

4.       Humanitarian intervention in world politics

5.      Poverty, development and hunger

6.   HumanRights

1.      Origins and development of the concept, National Interest, Determinants of Foreign policy.

 2.      Foreign Policy of India: Structure of the Indian Government, Political system, the evolution of Indian Foreign Policy, NAM, Attitude towards Asian neighbours, Major conflicts – Indo-Chinesewar, Intervention in Sri Lanka, Contemporary trends and shifts in doctrine.

1.      Foreign Policy of the United States of America: Structure of U.S. Government, Political system, Historical context of the evolution of American Foreign Policy(till 1945), Interventionism, Post world War foreign policy, The Cold War, The Korean Crisis, Vietnam War, the Iranian Revolution, the war on terror.

2.      Foreign Policy of Russia: Structure of The Russian Government, Political system, the evolution of Soviet foreign policy, reign of terror, the role of Comintern, control over eastern Europe, controlling the federation in the light of ethno-nationalistic tensions.

 3.      Foreign Policy of China: Structure of the Chinese Government, Political system, the Chinese Revolution, evolution of Chinese Foreign Policy, Aspirations for hegemony in Asia, domination in the world economy, military doctrine, current trends.

2.      Handbook of International Relations. Sage Publishing, 2002.

3.      Rumki Basu (ed), International Politics, Sage, New Delhi 2012

4.      “Why a World State is Inevitable?” European Journal of International Relations 9 (2003), 491 542.

2.      Huntingdon, Samuel. Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order Simon & Schuster. 1996.

3.      Keohane, Robert, and Joseph Nye. Power and Interdependence. Princeton. 1982.

4.      “Anarchy Is What States Make of It”. International Organization 46 (1992), 391- 425.

5.      “Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work”. International Security 22 (Fall) 1997.

6.    Ambrose, Stephen. Rise to Globalism: American Foreign Policy Since 1938. 9th revised edition. New York: Penguin Books, 2010.

This course has been conceptualized in order to provide the students a comprehensive understanding of the theory and practice of national security in the Indian context. The foundations, basic concepts, principles, various dimensions of national security, threats and responses are covered through five Units. In the end, the students should be in a position to show a familiarity with a wide range of substantive issues in security studies and articulate normative positions on key ethical dilemmas arising from the quest for national security of India.

1.      Evolution of the concept

2.      Theories of Security

3.      Securitization and Desecuritization

1.      Terrorism

2.      Definition and kinds

3.      Evolution of the concept

4.      Left Wing Extremism

5.      Secessionist Movements

6.      Fundamentalism

7.      Insurgency in North-East India

1.      Human Trafficking

2.      Drug Trafficking

3.      Organ Trafficking

4.      Money laundering

1.      Cross-border threats

2.      Regional threats

3.      Environmental threats

4.      Maritime threats

1.      Legislative Framework of India

2.      Components of National Security

3.      Legislations

4.      Preventive detention

5.      Executive Actions

6.      Policies and Practices

7.      Judicial Approach

Wildlife Trafficking

2.      Baldwin, David A. (1997). “The Concept of Security,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 23, 13.

3.      Booth, Ken, Theory of World Security, Cambridge University Press, 2007, (Chap. 3).

4.      Buzan, Barry, People, States, and Fear (Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991).

5.      Buzan, Barry and Lene Hansen, The Evolution of International Security Studies, Cambridge University Press, 2009

6.      Commuri, Gitika, Indian Identity Narratives and the Politics of Security (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2010)

7.      Dasgupta, C., War and Diplomacy in Kashmir, 1947-8 (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2002).

8.      Dash, Satya Prakash, Naxal Movement and State Power (New Delhi: Sarup and Sons, 2006).

9.      Dillon, Michael, Politics of Security: Towards a Political Philosophy of Continental Thought (London: Routledge, 1996).

Ganguly, Sumit, The Crisis in Kashmir: Portents of War, Hopes of Peace (Washington, D.C., Woodrow Wilson Center, 1997).

Trivedi, R. (Ed.). (2008). India's Relations with her Neighbours. Gyan Publishing House.

Cordner, L. (2010). Rethinking maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 6(1), 67-85.

 Ridley, Nick (2008) “ Organized Crime, Money laundering and Terrorism.” Policing 2:1, pp. 28-35.

Mishra, V. (Ed.). (2013). Human Trafficking: The Stakeholders' Perspective. Sage Publications India.

Das, P. (2012). Drug trafficking in India: A case for border security (No. 24). New Delhi: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.

Budiani, D. A., & Karim, K. (2009). The social determinants of organ trafficking: a reflection of social inequity. Social Medicine, 4(1), 48-51.

OBJECTIVES: Unit 1 proposes to familiarize students with the economic approach to law and the nature of legal and economic reasoning. Unit 2 is designed with the intention to show that free market economy alone is not solution for efficient allocation of resources and the student is made aware of the need for regulation of Monopoly as well as a public utility. In Unit 3 the focus is on the choice between regulation and common law, and the technique of Cost Benefit Analysis is introduced which is essential to evaluate feasibility of any project along with its application to assess global warming and other problems. Unit 4 attempts to integrate property law and economics in the context of property. The basis of modern economics is origin of private property, this Unit explains the evolution and importance of property rights in modern economy. Unit 5 is regarding the process of exchange and the economic roles of contract law. Unit 6 aims at familiarising students with economic reasoning of tort damages, and gives practical insight into the different forms of liability. Unit 7 helps in understanding the factors behind increasing crime rate. It brings into light different techniques which can be used to control crime rate

1. Introduction to and a brief history of Law and Economics,

2. The nature of economic reasoning,

3. The economic approach, Ex Post vs Ex ante reasoning,

4. Fundamental concepts of economics used in legal analysis,

5. The Theory of Second Best

1. The competitive extremes of Perfect Competition and Monopoly,

2. Alternative theories of economic regulation,

3. The deregulation movement, antitrust law and enforcement,

4. Characteristics of markets with a predisposition to price fixing,

5. How to identify cartelization, resale price maintenance,

6. Mergers that create monopolies or oligopolies,

7. Market power, market definition,

8. Potential competition, predation,

9. Foreclosure, tie-ins, bundling and barriers to entry,

10. Antitrust and the new economy

1. The economic rationale,

2. Patents and innovation, limiting protection, the doctrine of equivalents, fair use

doctrine, duration, remedies,

3. Economic function of trademarks

1. The economics of exchange, the specific functions of Contract Law, the

economics of contract formation- capacity, duress, offer and acceptance, The

consideration requirement

2. Contract Law and distributive goals- exculpatory provisions,

Unconscionability, contract remedies- the efficient breach, specific

performance, liquidated damages, the lost volume seller, Breach and

excuses for Non-Performance

1. The Costs of Accidents and the Economics of Tort Law Liability, the

Assignment of Rights and Externalities, The Negligence Standard- the Hand

Formula, distributive consequences

2. Contributory Negligence and Comparative Negligence, Assumption of the

Risk, Strict Liability - efficiency and strict liability, risk-aversion and loss

spreading, duty to rescue

3. Damages-the collateral source rule, future losses, hedonic losses, punitive

damages

1. Why have Criminal Law- creating an incentive for market exchanges,

Criminal Law and externalities

2. Criminal Law and behavior, administering criminal sanctions- the optimal

level of criminal sanctions, deterrence options, criminal procedure

2. Cooter, Robert, and Thomas Ulen. Law & Economics 6 th ed. Delhi: First Indian Reprint, Eastern Book Company, 2004.

3. Polinsky, Mitchell A. An Introduction to Law and Economics 3 rd ed, Aspen Publishers, 2003.

4. Shavell,Steven. Economic Analysis of Law, Foundation Press,2004

5. Veljanovski, Cento. Economic Principles of Law, Cambridge University Press, 2007.

6. Jeffrey L Harrison. Law and Economics in a Nutshell, West, 2011

 CIA I – Class Test / Assignment / Presentation – 10%

 CIA II – Mid Semester Examination – 25%

 CIA III – Research Topic – 10%  Attendance – 05%

 End Semester Examination – 50% TOTAL 100%

Constitutional Law; Constitutionalism; Rule of Law; Historical Perspective; Salient Features of the Indian Constitutions; Fundamental Law; Preamble

Introduction; Concept Origin and Development; Magna Carta; The English Bill of Rights of 1689; The American Bill of Rights of 1791 The French Declaration of Rights of Man; The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, Need Fundamental Rights in India; Classification; State and Fundamental Rights (Article 12); Justifiability of Fundamental Rights (Article 13); Unconstitutionality of a Statute; Doctrine of Eclipse; Doctrine of Severability; Waiver of Fundamental Rights; Right to Equality (Articles 14-18); Equality Before Law and Equal Protection of Law (Article 14); Rule of Law Under Article 14; R; Reasonable Classification; Administrative Discretion and Article 14; Reservation in India; Mandal Commission and Its Effect 

Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22); Right to Freedom (Article 19); Protection Against Conviction (Article 20); Ex Post Facto Law; Double Jeopardy; Prohibition Against Self-Incrimination; Protection of Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21); Right to Education (Article 21-A); Safeguards Against Arbitrary Arrest and Detention (Article 25-28); Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30).

Right to Property - Article 19(1) (f) and 19 (5) Article 31; Inter-Relation of – Article 31, Article 14 and Article 19(1) (f); Article 31-A and the Saving Clause; Article 31- B and the Ninth Schedule; Article 31-C, Article 300-A.constitutional law-making

Object and Purpose Nature; Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights Distinguished; Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights ? The Supremacy Factor; Fundamental Duties; Doctrine of Basic Structure; Amendment of the Constitution.

1. Avatar Singh, The Constitution of India,1st edition 2019, Central Law Agency
2. Dr.J.N.Pandey, Constitutinal Law of India.,
3. Jain, M. P. Indian Constitutional Law, 7th ed. Nagpur: Wadhwa& Co., 2014.
4. The Study of the Law of Constitution by A. V. Dicey.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: To apply the basic principles in contractual relations, there need to be a clear understanding of the basic sources of law of contracts. As the major source of contract law being the principles of English common law, we need to discuss the evolution of law of contract and the similarities and dissimilarities with the English law of contract. To attain this objective Unit 1 of the syllabus deals with the historical perspective of the same. It also gives an introduction to the basic essentials of agreements and contracts. Unit 2 deals with consideration as an essential requirement of contract. It also analyses the consequence of unlawful consideration and the exceptional instances where consideration is not required. Thus the doctrine of consideration is discussed from different perspectives. Unit 3 deals with the capacity of parties to enter into a valid and enforceable contract. This mainly discusses about the parties who are disqualified to enter into contracts, basically dealing with the unenforceable aspect of the same. Major areas which are covered are minor’s agreements and the different consequences of such agreements. It also covers other parties who are incapacitated viz. parties who are of unsound mind and other categories who are disqualified by law. Unit 4 on the requirement of free consent in a contract mainly discusses the vitiating factors of free consent viz. coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation and mistake. Emphasis is given on the voidable nature of such agreements. Units 5 and 6 deal with legality of objects and void agreements respectively. These Units illustrate the significance of legality of object in a contract. This also elaborates on different grounds in which a contract is expressly declared to be void. Unit 7 discusses the different ways by which a contract can be discharged and the remedies which are available to the parties aggrieved by such breach are included in Unit 8. To provide a practical overview to the students specific relief which is available as a judicial remedy is included in Unit 9.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course is designed to acquaint a student with the conceptual and operational parameters of these various general principles of contractual relations. Specific enforcement of contract is an important aspect of the law of contracts. Analysis of the kinds of contracts that can be specifically enforced and the methods of enforcement forms a significant segment of this study.

History and nature of contractual obligations; Law of Contract or Law of Contracts; Definitions; Proposal and acceptance - forms, essential elements, communication and revocation; Proposal and Invitations for proposal; Floating Offers; Tenders; Standard form contract: principles of protection against the possibility of exploitation, judicial approach to such contracts, exemption clauses; clash between two standard forms of contracts; Law Commission of India 199^th Report 2006.

Meaning, Kinds, Essential Elements; Doctrine of nudum pactum; Privity of contract and of consideration; Its exceptions; Adequacy of consideration; Present, past and adequate consideration; Unlawful consideration and its effects; Views of Law Commission of India on consideration; Evaluation of the doctrine of consideration.

Incapacity arising out of status and mental defect; Minor's agreements; Definition of ‘minor’; Accessories supplied to a minor; agreements beneficial and detrimental to a minor; Affirmation; Restitution in cases of minor's agreements; Fraud by a minor; Agreements made on behalf of a minor; Minor's agreements and Estoppel; Evaluation of the law relating to minor's agreements; Other illustrations of incapacity to contract.

Definition of Consent and Free Consent; Factors vitiating free consent: Coercion – Definition, Essential elements, duress and coercion; Doctrine of Economic Duress, effect of coercion; Undue Influence – Definition, essential elements, presumptions relating to Undue Influence – independent advice, pardahanashin women, unconscionable bargains, effect of undue influence; Misrepresentation – Definition, misrepresentation of law and fact, their effects; Fraud – Definition, essential elements, suggestio falsi and suppresio veri, Silence as fraud, Active concealment of truth, importance of intention; Mistake – Definition, kinds, fundamental error, mistake of law and of fact, their effects, unilateral mistake

Void agreements, Object of contract and unlawful object, Unlawful consideration, Forbidden by law; Defeating the provision of any law; Fraudulent; Injurious to person or property; Immoral; Against public policy; Distinction between void, voidable, illegal and unlawful agreements and their effects.

Agreements without consideration; Agreements in restraint of marriage; Agreements in restraint of trade, its exceptions, sale of goodwill, section 11 restrictions, under the partnership Act, trade combinations, exclusive dealing agreements, restraints on employees under agreements of service; Agreements in restraint of legal proceedings, its exceptions; Uncertain agreements; Wagering agreement, its exception.

By performance- conditions of valid tender of performance, How? By whom? Where? When? In what manner? Performance of reciprocal promises, time as essence of contract; By breach, anticipatory breach and present breach; Impossibility of performance, specific grounds of frustration, application to leases, theories of frustration, effect of frustration, frustration and restitution; By period of limitation; By agreement, rescission and alteration, their effect, remission and waiver of performance, extension of time, accord and satisfaction.

Relations resembling contracts- supplies to person incompetent to contract, benefit received under voidable or void agreement, Damages- remoteness of damages, ascertainment of damages; Restitution; Injunction- when granted and when refused; Specific performance

Specific performance of contract; Contract that can be specifically enforced; Persons against whom specific enforcement can be ordered; Rescission and cancellation; Injunction: Temporary and Perpetual; Declaratory orders; Discretion and powers of court

2. Beatson, Sir Jack, et al.Anson's Law of Contract. 29th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

3. P. S. Atiya, Introduction to the Law of Contract. Claredon Law Series 1992 (reprint)

4. Markanda, P. C. The Law of Contract. 2 vol; New Delhi: Wadhwa and Company, 2006.

5. Singh, Avtar. Law of Contract. 10th ed. Lucknow: Eastern Book Company, 2008.

6. Cheshire, G. C., Fifoot H. S. and Furmston, M. P. Law of Contract ELBS with Butterworths, 1992.

7. Nair, M. Krishnan, Law of Contracts. Hyderabad: Orient Longman Private Limited, 1998.

8. Treitel, G. H. Law of Contract, Sweet & Maxwell, 1997 (reprint).

9. Abichandani, K. (Ed.), Pollock and Mulla on the Indian Contract and the Specific Relief Act. Tripathi, 1999.

10. Banerjee, S. C. Law of Specific Relief New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing, 1998.

11. Anson, Law of Contract New Delhi: Universal, 1998.

12. Dutt on Contract New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing, 2000.

13. Anand and Aiyer. Law of Specific Relief New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing, 1999.

14. Raman, A. MLJ Law of Contract and Specific Relief. 2 vol; 2nd ed. Nagapur: Lexis Nexis Wadhwa, 2009.

15. Mitra, S. C. Law of Contracts. 2 vol; 2nded. New Delhi: Orient Publishing Company, 2005.

16. Furmston, Michael, et al. (Eds.) The Law of Contracts. 3rd ed. U S A: LexisNexis Butterworths,2007.

17. Atiyah, P. S., and Stephen A. Smith. Atiyah's Introduction to the Law of Contract. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

18. Rao, G. C. V. Subba. Law of Specific Relief. 6thed. New Delhi: Orient Publishing Company, 2005.

 CIA I – Class Test / Assignment / Presentation              – 10%

 CIA II – Mid Semester Examination                              – 25%

 CIA III – Research Topic                                              – 10%

 Attendance                                                                 – 05%

 End Semester Examination                                           – 50%

                                                                            TOTAL 100%

Course Description:

This course is aiming to impart the analytical skill and equip the student with the basic problems concerning law and the types of solutions sought. Thus, the student not only will be able to use this skill in practice but also is motivated to take up detailed historical studies on his own after the course. Since a basic idea in the designing of this course is to bring jurisprudence closer to our reality, in the selection of cases and reading materials the teacher should try to make use of the Indian material as far as possible.

 Philosophy of law is a compulsory paper in the law course. It poses the fundamental questions of the nature of law, its place in society and how a legal system operates as a system of rules and as a social institution engaging with the ideals of justices and conflicting moral codes. The course will cover a range of topics like nature of law, natural law, positivist thought, realism, sociological and historical schools and its critiques. UNIT 1 will deal with the introductory part i.e., nature of legal philosophy and sources of law and justice theories. UNIT 2 deals with natural law philosophy. UNIT 3 discusses the positivist theories. UNIT 4 focuses on historical and anthropological schools of legal thought. UNIT 5 deals with realist traditions in legal philosophy and UNIT 6 deals with the sociological jurisprudence.

Course Objectives:

To understand problems relating to Jurisprudential understanding of laws through the lens of various legal philosophers and thinkers. 

To identify solution-oriented approaches to jurisprudential issues.

To evaluate  the new epistemological outlook which jurisprudential knowledge has brought about. 

To analyse jurisprudential knowledge in legal explorations.

Philosophy of Law v. Jurisprudence, Formal Requirements of law as System, Sources of Law, Functions of Law; Validity of Law; The Case of the Speluncean Explorers, Theories of Justice: Aristotle, Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative, Utilitarianism : Bentham and Mill, John Rawls: Justice as Fairness & Sen’s Critique , Robert Nozick: Libertarianism, Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum: Capability

Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morality Classical Natural Law: Sophists and Stoics, Plato and Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas.

Natural Law in Political Philosophy: Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. Revival of Natural Law Theory: Finnis and Fuller. Hart v. Fuller Debate Hart v. Devlin Debate

Classical Legal Positivism: Bentham and Austin Modern Legal Positivism: Hart, Kelsen and Raz Hart v. Dworkin Debate

Historical School: Savigny, Maine Anthropological School: Malinowski, Llewellyn

American Realism: Holmes, Llewellyn and Frank Scandinavian Realism: Ross, Olivecrona, Lundstedt and Hägerström Critical Legal Studies: Kennedy and Unger

Sociological Theories of Law: Pound, Ehrlich, Durkheim, Foucalt and Niklas Luhmann

2. White, Jefferson, and Dennis Patterson. Introduction to the Philosophy of Law: Readings and Cases. New York: Oxford University Press.

3. Michael J Sandel, Justice – What’s the Right Thing to do?, London: Penguin

4. J W Harris, Legal Philosophies, Butterworths

5. Mark Tebbit, Philosophy of Law: An Introduction, London: Routledge

6. Edgar Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence (The Philosophy and Methods of Law), New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co.

7.R W M Dais, Dias Jurisprudence, New Delhi: Aditya Books

8. N E Simmonds, Central Issues in Jurisprudence - Justice, Law and Rights, Lucknow: EBC

9. Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence, London: Sweet and Maxwell.

2. H.L.A. Hart., The Concept of Law, New Delhi: Oxford University Press

3. White, Jefferson, and Dennis Patterson. Introduction to the Philosophy of Law: Readings and Cases. New York: Oxford University Press

4. Brian H. Bix, Jurisprudence: Theory and Context, London: Sweet & Maxwell

5. Raymond Wacks, Understanding Jurisprudence, OUP

6. Immanuel Kant, The Moral Law : Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, London and New York: Routledge

7. Hans Kelsen, Pure Theory of Law, Berkeley: University of California Press

8. Joseph Raz, The Authority of Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press

9. Amartya Sen, The Idea of Justice, London: Penguin

10.Michael J Sandel, Justice – What’s the Right Thing to do?, London: Penguin

11.J W Harris, Legal Philosophies, Butterworths

12.Mark Tebbit, Philosophy of Law: An Introduction, London: Routledge

13.Roger Cotterell, The Politics of Jurisprudence, New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co.

14.Howard Davies and David Holdcroft, Jurisprudence: Texts and Commentary, London: Butterworths

15.Edgar Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence (The Philosophy and Methods of Law), New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co.

16.R W M Dais, Dias Jurisprudence, New Delhi: Aditya Books

17.Joel Feinberg and Jules Coleman (eds)., Philosophy of Law, Belmont CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning

18.N E Simmonds, Central Issues in Jurisprudence - Justice, Law and Rights, Lucknow: EBC

19.Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence, London: Sweet and Maxwell.

CIA I – Class Test / Assignment / Presentation – 10%

CIA II – Mid Semester Examination – 25%

CIA III – Research Topic – 10%

Attendance – 05%

End Semester Examination – 50%

TOTAL -100%

The concept and meaning: Kinds; Right and duty correlation; Natural Rights and Fundamental Rights.

Nature of personality; Status of the unborn, minor, lunatic, drunken and dead persons; Corporate personality; Dimensions of the modern legal personality: Legal personality of non-human beings 

Possession: the Concept; Kinds of possession; Ownership: the Concept; Kinds of ownership; Difference between possession and ownership.

Property: the concept; Kinds of property; Title

Conditions for imposing liability; Wrongful act; Damnum sine injuria; Causation; Mens rea; Intention; Malice; Negligence and recklessness; Strict liability; Vicarious liability. 

Nature and kinds; Sources of obligation; Substantive and procedural laws: difference; Evidence: Nature and kinds.

Course Description

This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and key areas of Public International Law. Each unit provides a comprehensive exploration of various topics, offering insights into the complexities and dynamics of global legal frameworks. To further elaborate, Unit 1: Introduction to International Law provides an overview of the nature, definitions, and significance of International Law, exploring theories and emerging trends shaping its evolution. Unit 2: Sources of International Law deals with the examination of the sources of International Law, from treaties to customary practices, and the relationship between international and municipal laws. Unit 3: Subjects of International Law relate to the analysis of entities within International Law, including individuals, states, international organizations, their rights, recognition theories, and the doctrine of state responsibility. Unit 4: Law of Treaties deals with the exploration of treaty concepts, the process of treaty-making, interpretation, modification, invalidity, and termination of treaties. Unit 5: Statehood and Recognition includes the definition of statehood, a discussion on its incidence, and an examination of the theories and effects of recognition within the international community. Unit 6: State Territory and State Succession deals with the understanding state territories, acquisition, loss, and the implications of state succession on rights and duties. Unit 7: State Jurisdiction and Responsibility deals with the analysis of state jurisdiction, responsibilities, and the International Law Commission’s efforts to codify state responsibility. Unit 8: Law of the Sea includes exploration of UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea), delving into maritime zones, exploitation of resources, and common heritage concepts. Unit 9: Nationality, Asylum, and Extradition examines principles related to nationality, asylum, statelessness, extradition, and their interrelationships. Unit 10: International Settlement of Disputes deals with the study of dispute resolution mechanisms, including arbitration, negotiation, international adjudication, and the perspectives of developing countries in dispute settlement.

Course Objectives

1.To acquire comprehensive knowledge of the foundational concepts and key elements of public international law.

2.To understand, identify and differentiate between primary and secondary sources of public international law, including international treaties.

3.To demonstrate the ability to apply the acquired legal principles to analyse and resolve complex issues within public international law.

4.To be capable of critically analysing the influence of international politics, relations, and economics on the development and evolution of public international law.

5.To be able to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of enforcement mechanisms in public international law.

Definition, Nature, Relationship and Difference between Public International Law and Private International Law, Importance of International Law, Theory of Law of Nature, Theory of Positivism, True Basis of International Law, Theory of Consent, Theory of Auto Limitation, New trends.

Source Doctrine in International Law (Art.38(1) of the Statute of ICJ), Is there a hierarchy of sources in international law? Relative normativity in international law (the “soft law” discourse)—e.g. Friendly Relations Declarations, 1970, NIEO Declaration, 1974 etc. Relationship between international law and municipal law—monism and dualism Concept of treaty—Pacta Sunt Servanda, Rebus sic stantibus , Treaty-making (negotiations, signature, reservations—Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,  Interpretation, Modification and Amendment of Treaties, Invalidity, Termination and Suspension of Treaties. Relationship between customs and treaties.

Individuals, States; International Organizations; Non State Entities; Entities Sui Generis, Definition and Incidence of Statehood; Rights and Duties of States; Recognition – Theories, Modes, Effects of Recognition. State Territory; Modes of Acquisition; Modes of Loss, Definition of State Succession; Rights and Duties Arising out of State Succession Doctrine of State jurisdiction, State Responsibility, ILC’s effort to codify state responsibility, ILC Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts

Concept of treaty—Pacta Sunt Servanda, Rebus sic stantibus Treaty-making (negotiations, signature, reservations—Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties) Interpretation, Modification and Amendment of Treaties, Invalidity, Termination and Suspension of Treaties

Subjects of international law: Individuals, States; International Organizations; Non State Entities; Entities Sui Generis, Definition and Incidence of Statehood; Rights and Duties of States; Recognition – Theories, Modes, Effects of Recognition

State Territory; Modes of Acquisition - Modes of Loss, Definition of State Succession - Rights and Duties Arising out of State Successio

Doctrine of State jurisdiction - State Responsibility - ILC’s effort to codify state responsibility - ILC Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts

UNCLOS I and II UNCLOS III (1982) Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, EEZ, Continental Shelf and the High Seas Other Concepts: Hot pursuit, piracy, Common Heritage of Mankind Agreement on Part XI of the UNCLOS Exercise jurisdiction in various zones and exploitation of resources, common heritage of mankind, Biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction.

Nationality: Meaning; Modes of Acquisition of Nationality; Loss of Nationality; Principle of Effective Nationality (Nottebohm case); Statelessness; Extradition: Meaning; Basic Principles; Conditions; Asylum: Meaning and Definition; Conditions for seeking asylum; Relationship between Asylum and Extradition; Distinction between Asylum seekers and Refugees